Blood transfusion is a medical procedure in which blood or blood products are transferred from one person (donor) to another person (recipient). This process is typically necessary in cases of severe blood loss, surgery, trauma, or certain medical conditions such as anemia or hemophilia. The donated blood may be whole blood or specific components such as red blood cells, platelets, or plasma, depending on the individual needs of the recipient. Blood transfusion research focuses on improving the safety, efficacy, and availability of transfusions. This includes studying blood typing and compatibility, transfusion reactions, storage and preservation methods, donor screening and testing for infections, and developing alternatives to traditional blood transfusions such as synthetic blood or artificial blood substitutes. Additionally, research in blood transfusion also aims to enhance transfusion practices, reduce the risk of transfusion-related complications, and support the development of personalized transfusion therapy based on individual patient characteristics.